The Dynasty
13th constitutes a period of crisis. About sixty Pharaohs follow each other in one
century and half. The extent of the controlled territories cuts down. An independent kingdom
appears in the
Delta (14th
dynasty). Another will follow to Avaris. Finally, toward -1650, the Hyksos start their hold
in hands of
Egypt opening what
the historians call the Second
Intermediate Period thus. Let's note that for the Egyptians they-even, this
period was particular, since in the
lists of Abydos, the 13th to 17th
dynasties are ignored
.
However on
the plan administration and monuments, no control break seems
visible with the previous dynasty. Of the first Pharaoh Wegaf (about -1784, -1780), one knows a stele of Abydos,
in red granite. This stele contains
a decree barring
all burial in
an earth dedicated to Wepwawet, probably
the valley leading the temple of Osiris
to Umm-el-Qab. The role of Abydos always appears as important. The fact that the stele is usurped later
by Neferhotep 1st, either nearly hundred years later, watch that
the problem was
not solved.
One of his successors, Sebekhotep 1rst, had a small cenotaph constructed in Abydos of which different elements are
dispersed from all over the world in the museums. The Louvre is in possession of several
big steles from
him.
One important Pharaoh of this period is Khendjer (circa - 1750). It is during this dynasty that the tomb of king Djer was considered as
the tomb of
Osiris. Khendjer made an effigy of the Osiris god lying on his
coffin, said
"lying Osiris." (cf. Harvey, 1998, p. 85).
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