Dynasty 13th

 

Kingship 
Dynasty 0 
Narmer 
1st dynasty 
2nd dynasty 
Old Kingdom 
Middle Kigdom 
13th dynasty 
17th dynasty 
Ahmose 
18th dynasty 
19th dynasty 
The Dynasty 13th constitutes a period of crisis. About sixty Pharaohs follow each other in one century and half. The extent of the controlled territories cuts down. An independent kingdom appears in the Delta (14th dynasty). Another will follow to Avaris. Finally, toward -1650, the Hyksos start their hold in hands of Egypt opening what the historians call the Second Intermediate Period thus. Let's note that for the Egyptians they-even, this period was particular, since in the lists of Abydos, the 13th to 17th  dynasties are ignored

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However on the plan administration and monuments, no control break seems visible with the previous dynasty. Of the first Pharaoh Wegaf (about -1784, -1780), one knows a stele of Abydos, in red granite. This stele contains a decree barring all burial in an earth dedicated to Wepwawet, probably the valley leading the temple of Osiris to Umm-el-Qab.  The role of Abydos always appears as important. The fact that the stele is usurped later by Neferhotep 1st, either nearly hundred years later, watch that the problem was not solved.

 

One of his successors, Sebekhotep 1rst, had a small cenotaph constructed in Abydos of which different elements are dispersed from all over the world in the museums. The Louvre  is in possession of  several big steles  from   him.

 

One important Pharaoh of this period is Khendjer (circa - 1750). It is during this dynasty that the tomb of king Djer was considered as the tomb of Osiris. Khendjer made an effigy of the Osiris god lying on his coffin, said "lying Osiris." (cf. Harvey, 1998, p. 85).

 

The Louvre possesses two steles of Abydos, C11 and C12 coming from this king's period. I show you above the top of the C11 stele with the name of Khendjer (the pig) in top and Ny-Ma'at-Re (Ma'at belongs to Re) on the left. You can see the stele in full while clicking  here
Then, the situation of the country deteriorates with especially, in -1650, the loss of Menphis. Some of the kings of this dynasty end are only known by steles recovered in Abydos.

 

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